In the art of this country, design of textiles has rarely been the main focus of the society. Due to dramatic growth in imported overseas designs, elegant and well-born designs of our ancestors are disappearing. A main reason for this phenomenon can be the misconceptions and lack of knowledge about the great value of these designs. This research introduce the mentioned designs as well as their historic roots and also expresses how these designs have changed, remained or even disappeared through the ages. The main purpose of this fundamental - applied research is development of authentic art and culture of Persia in designs of textile and their usage in modern artistic phenomenon. Furthermore this research tries to gain comprehensive information on ancestors' design of textiles and believes that by a link through culture and art of the ancient Persia it is possible to renew old historic designs.In addition by understanding and presenting these designs we can pass through the ages.

Background & Aims: Fungi are among the most important biological agents in air pollution. Textile factories are known as high risk places for contamination with fungal spores and metabolites. Since Yazd is one of the most important textile industry CENTERS, this study was conducted to determine the concentration and types of airborne fungi in Yazd textile factories. Methods: A total of 235 indoor air samples from 30 randomly selected Yazd textile factories in 2007 were collected using air sampler pumps with appropriate filters. The concentration and types of isolated fungi were determined according to NIOSH standard technique for isolation of biologic agents. Data were analyzed based on the survey objectives, using statistical tests. Results: Overall, 958 colonies from 16 different genera of fungi were isolated and among them Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were known as the most prevalent isolated fungi. The fungal contamination rates were higher in the small factories than bigger factories and also in few factories, which usually used natural based fiber compared to those used synthetic fiber (P=0.0001). The finishing areas had more contamination than the other parts and working areas with the topical air conditioner had lower contamination (P=0.034). There was a direct relationship between the amount of moisture and air fungal contamination (P=0.046), but there was no significant correlation between the whole fungal contamination rates and temperature.Conclusion: The results showed a high rate of contamination to fungal viable cultivable spores in Yazd textile factories. The presence of opportunistic fungi in these places, especially in summer is hazardous for immunosuppresed workers or those with malignancies or diabetes.

Background and Aim: Noise induced hearing loss is one of the most common occupational diseases in the world. It is thus introduced as one of the ten principle work-related diseases. According to the estimation of WHO, noise approximately causes a daily loss of 4 million US dollars throughout the world.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out on 100 workers of Taban textile factory in Yazd to assess hearing loss in the left and right ear of the staff at WEAVING, spinning and mechanical sections. This was done at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz frequency by means of audiometer. Besides, mean noise intensity in the auditory system of the workers (who had already been examined) was measured during their own shifts. The obtained data was statistically analysed by means of SPSS software and ANOVA, and LSD (less significant difference) was calculated. P£0.05 was taken as the significant level.Results: Mean age and work history were 38.98±10-43 and 13.83±6.1 respectively. Findings indicated that noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) would be 0.18, if sound intensity increased one degree and work history were stable. But if sound intensity were stable, NIHL would be 0.37 when work history increased one degree. ANOVA statistical test (at the confidence level 95%) showed that the increase in NIHL is different in various occupation groups.Conclusions: Hearing loss was observed at different levels and at all frequencies in textile factory workers. However, hearing loss in the work begin at 4000 Hz and according to regression analysis the effect of work history on NIHL is more than the effect of sound.

Aim and Background: Today, the availability of the water for human consumption and industrial purposes is limited. Weare of the opinion that the textile industry uses a lot of water, with suitable treatment, industrialwastewater can be recycled and reused. The use of bacteria for the removal of colour from Azo dyecontainingwastewater. Material and methods: Effluent sample collected from a dye industry of Kashan was used as a source for the isolation of 24morphologically distinct thermophilic bacteria capable of decolorizing wastewater textile dyes. Thesample was cultured in TSB. Effluent samples were incubated at 50° C for 3 days under aerobicconditions for isolation of pure cultures. Result: In the current study three thermophilic bacterial species screened from 24 bacterial isolates, were used in combinations for the Biodecolourisation of textile wastewater collected from Kashanunder aerated conditions. The consortium bacterial isolates exhibited best color removal in staticcondition with 90% color removed. Discussion: The consortium bacterial isolates exhibited a remarkable color removal capabilityagainst effluent under static condition at 36-51° C and pH 5. 5-9. 5 in the presence of 7% NaCl.

Background & Aim: Excessive occupational noise exposure is a major cause of hearing impairment in workers in industrial settings. Textile industry with different machines is considered as a noise producer industry. Material & Methods: In this study, sound analyzing and measurement performed for spinning and WEAVING machines used in a textile plant in the city of Semnan (1997). All noise-exposed workers with at least 5 years work record, as the test group (n=70) completed audiometry and their results compared with non-exposed administrative personnel (n=30).Results: The results showed that average sound level of all spinning and WEAVING machines were higher than 85 dBA, except for two cotton beating machines. WEAVING machines had higher sound pressure level than spinning machines in all octave bands (63-8000 Hz). Sensory hearing loss was more prevalent in the test group in spite of less mean age and work record than control group. Only 20% of the workers sometimes used earplugs as Hearing Protection Device (HPD).Conclusion: Based on this study and previous researches, it is concluded that gross occupational noise exposure is a common and serious problem in industrial mills in Iran.

In the Pahlavi era, industrialization was one of the policies of the government, and therefore establishing new factories especially textile factories were among the most important priorities due to offering employment opportunities and added value. One of the cities that was deemed suitable for establishing textile factories was Bushehr where Bushehr Etemadieh textile factory was officially established in 1938. The aim of this study is to investigate the establishment, the activities, and the effects of spinning and WEAVING factories on the socio-economic conditions of Bushehr. The main question of this study is: what factors lead to the establishment of the spinning and WEAVING company in Bushehr, and what impact did it have on the economic and social situations in this city? This research uses the descriptive-analytical method based on documentary data of library archives and national libraries, local new documents, periodicals, library resources, and first-hand texts. The results showed that the company had a great impact on the economic and social structure of Bushehr, and in addition to increasing employment and migration, it led to growing awareness of the workers and the formation of urban workers and non-petroleum products in the city.

Aim and Background: The disposal of crude waste water from textile factories causes pollution of current and under-ground water, because of the salts and different colors that exists in it. One of the colors most widely used in the textile industry, Reactive Black 5, which is from azo colors family, is the most serious indicators of pollution. In this study halophile and halo tolerant bacteria were isolated from wastewater containing paint Reactive Black5, and were used in bleaching of artificial wastewater.Materials and methods: Samples were taken from wastewater of a textile factory in saline regions of Kashan, and subcultured on TSB with and without addition of salt.20 different strains were isolated, from which three strains were selected for using in a consortium bleaching experiments within three days.Results: The bacterial consortium could bleach the dye containing media in a wide range of salinity (up to 10%), Saturation (up ppm 1000), temperature (30 to 36 ° C) and pH (5.5 to 8.5). The bacterial consortium was able to bleach up to 92% of Reactive Black 5 in different environmental conditions.Conclusion: The use of wastewater of textile mills for isolation of effective natural strains, suitable for bioremediation of the same wastes, even in the salty environment, is very helpful.

As an original and traditional art in the Qajar era, the art of textile WEAVING has been of high importance. The book "The Art of Textile WEAVING of the Qajar Era", written by Zohreh Rouhfar, addresses this art. The book has been published by Armanshahr Publications in 2012. Therefore, the present paper deals with the content and formal critique of the book. With an analytical view in her book, the author introduces different types of textiles of the Qajar era and mentions their characteristic features by classifying the fabrics. According to the content critique and analysis made by this paper, it is shown that the author adopts an analytical view in describing the works based on primary sources. Moreover, her academic approach to the systematic classification of different types of textiles makes the book a reliable research source in the field of art of the textile design industry. However, ignorance of some headlines and failure to provide sufficient documentation and persuasive analysis can be considered as the weaknesses of the book. Finally, weaknesses of the book, such as the lack of visual resources, the inclusion of black and white images at the end of the book, and flaws in the layout and editing of the content are discussed in the section on formal analysis and critique.

Problem statement: The border of a rug asa frame of decorative systemsisindependent of its context and is a result of repeating a set of motifs with considerable visual capacities. The stable presence of borders with distinctive features in Safavid rugs can indicate the styles which define the context of each region’, s productions. Therefore, the differences of borders in any of the WEAVING regions can be considered as the product identifier. In this regard, two questions have been answered,What styles do the decorative elements of 10thcentury rugs represent in productions of different regions? How doesthe cultural-artistic situation of the WEAVING areas relate to the dominant styles on the borders of the rugs? Research objective: This study attempts to fill the gap onthe classification of rugs based on their borders. The main purpose of this study is to present the stylistic analysisof the rugs in the 10thAHcentury based on the borders’,differences to present the patterns of the original borderof each region to contemporary designers, who deal with regional rug designs. Research method: This is qualitative research using structural content analysis based on library and Internet data. Fifty-seven Safavid rugs belonging to the 10th century (the period of Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasb kingdoms) were selected from documentary sources in a purposeful and non-random manner. Based on the most frequent linear structures extracted from the borders (thirty-eight samples), the styles in association with them were defined. Conclusion: By analyzing the visual systems governing the borders of the rugs, the dominant styles were introduced based on the dominant motifs (floral arabesque, cloudband arabesque, and animal fights) and dominant composition Ghalamdani, Pictorial, and Mayegan Herati). The continuity of a decorative motif or structure with various forms in the productions of different regions reinforced the idea that visual systems are identifiers influenced by the cultural backgrounds (religion, politics, and art) of the regions in which the art product has been developed.